一、单选题 (共 24 题,每小题 5 分,共 50 分,每题只有一个选项正确)
二元函数 $f(x, y)$ 在点 $\left(x_{0}, y_{0}\right)$ 处两个偏导数 $f_{x}^{\prime}\left(x_{0}, y_{0}\right), f_{y}^{\prime}\left(x_{0}, y_{0}\right)$ 存在是 $f(x, y)$ 在该点连续的
$\text{A.}$ 充分条件而非必要条件.
$\text{B.}$ 必要条件而非充分条件.
$\text{C.}$ 充分必要条件.
$\text{D.}$ 既非充分条件又非必要条件.
已知 $\frac{(x+a y) \mathrm{d} x+y \mathrm{~d} y}{(x+y)^{2}}$ 为某函数的全微分, 则 $a$ 等于 ( )
$\text{A.}$ $-1$.
$\text{B.}$ 0
$\text{C.}$ 1
$\text{D.}$ 2
二元函数 $f(x, y)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\frac{x y}{x^2+y^2}, & (x, y) \neq(0,0) \\ 0, & (x, y)=(0,0)\end{array}\right.$ 在点 $(0,0)$处
$\text{A.}$ 连续,偏导数存在
$\text{B.}$ 连续,偏导数不存在
$\text{C.}$ 不连续,偏导数存在
$\text{D.}$ 不连续,偏导数不存在
设 $f(x, y)$ 在点 $(0,0)$ 附近有定义,且 $f_x^{\prime}(0,0)=3$ , $f_y^{\prime}(0,0)=1$ ,则
$\text{A.}$ $\left.\mathrm{d} z\right|_{(0,0)}=3 \mathrm{~d} x+\mathrm{d} y$
$\text{B.}$ 曲面 $z=f(x, y)$ 在 $(0,0, f(0,0))$ 处的法向量为 $(3,1,1)$
$\text{C.}$ 曲线 $\left\{\begin{array}{l}z=f(x, y) \\ y=0\end{array}\right.$ 在 $(0,0, f(0,0))$ 处的切向量为 $(1,0,3)$
$\text{D.}$ 曲线 $\left\{\begin{array}{l}z=f(x, y) \\ y=0\end{array}\right.$ 在 $(0,0, f(0,0))$ 处的切向量为 $(3,0,1)$
考虑二元函数的下面 4 条性质:
(1) $f(x, y)$ 在点 $\left(x_0, y_0\right)$ 处连续,
(2) $f(x, y)$ 在点 $\left(x_0, y_0\right)$ 处的两个偏导数连续,
(3) $f(x, y)$ 在点 $\left(x_0, y_0\right)$ 处可微,
(4) $f(x, y)$ 在点 $\left(x_0, y_0\right)$ 处两个偏导数存在.
若用 " $P \Rightarrow Q$ " 表示可由性质 $P$ 推出 $Q$ ,则有
$\text{A.}$ (2) $\Rightarrow$ (3) $\Rightarrow$ (1)
$\text{B.}$ (3) $\Rightarrow$ (2) $\Rightarrow$ (1)
$\text{C.}$ (3) $\Rightarrow$ (4) $\Rightarrow$ (1)
$\text{D.}$ (3) $\Rightarrow$ (1) $\Rightarrow$ (4)
设函数
$$
u(x, y)=\phi(x+y)+\phi(x-y)+\int_{x-y}^{x+y} \psi(t) \mathrm{d} t ,
$$
其中函数 $\phi$ 具有二阶导数, $\psi$ 具有一阶导数,则必有
$\text{A.}$ $\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}=-\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{B.}$ $\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}=\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{C.}$ $\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x \partial y}=\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{D.}$ $\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x \partial y}=\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}$
设函数
$$
u(x, y)=\phi(x+y)+\phi(x-y)+\int_{x-y}^{x+y} \psi(t) \mathrm{d} t ,
$$
其中函数 $\phi$ 具有二阶导数, $\psi$ 具有一阶导数,则必有
$\text{A.}$ $\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}=-\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{B.}$ $\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}=\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{C.}$ $\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x \partial y}=\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{D.}$ $\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x \partial y}=\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}$
设 $f(x, y)$ 与 $\varphi(x, y)$ 均为可微函数,且 $\varphi_y^{\prime}(x, y) \neq 0$ ,已知 $\left(x_0, y_0\right)$ 是 $f(x, y)$ 在约束条件 $\varphi(x, y)=0$ 下的一个极值点,下列选项正确的是
$\text{A.}$ 若 $f_x^{\prime}\left(x_0, y_0\right)=0$ ,则 $f_y^{\prime}\left(x_0, y_0\right)=0$
$\text{B.}$ 若 $f_x^{\prime}\left(x_0, y_0\right)=0$ ,则 $f_y^{\prime}\left(x_0, y_0\right) \neq 0$
$\text{C.}$ 若 $f_x^{\prime}\left(x_0, y_0\right) \neq 0$ ,则 $f_y^{\prime}\left(x_0, y_0\right)=0$
$\text{D.}$ 若 $f_x^{\prime}\left(x_0, y_0\right) \neq 0$ ,则 $f_y^{\prime}\left(x_0, y_0\right) \neq 0$
二元函数 $f(x, y)$ 在点 $(0,0)$ 处可微的一个充分条件是
$\text{A.}$ $\lim _{(x, y) \rightarrow(0,0)}[f(x, y)-f(0,0)]=0$
$\text{B.}$ $\lim _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{f(x, 0)-f(0,0)}{x}=0$ ,且 $\lim _{y \rightarrow 0} \frac{f(0, y)-f(0,0)}{y}=0$
$\text{C.}$ $\lim _{(x, y) \rightarrow(0,0)} \frac{f(x, y)-f(0,0)}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}=0$
$\text{D.}$ $\lim _{x \rightarrow 0}\left[f_x^{\prime}(x, 0)-f_x^{\prime}(0,0)\right]=0$ ,且 $\lim _{y \rightarrow 0}\left[f_y^{\prime}(0, y)-f_y^{\prime}(0,0)\right]=0$
设函数 $f$ 连续,若 $F(u, v)=\iint_{D_{u v}} \frac{f\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}} \mathrm{~d} x \mathrm{~d} y$ ,其中
$$
\begin{aligned}
& D_{u v}: x^2+y^2=1, x^2+y^2=u^2, y=0, y=x \arctan v \\
& (u>1, v>0) \text { ,则 } \frac{\partial F}{\partial u}=
\end{aligned}
$$
$\text{A.}$ $v f\left(u^2\right)$
$\text{B.}$ $\frac{v}{u} f\left(u^2\right)$
$\text{C.}$ $v f(u)$
$\text{D.}$ $\frac{v}{u} f(u)$
已知 $f(x, y)=e^{\sqrt{x^2+y^4}}$ ,则
$\text{A.}$ $f_x^{\prime}(0,0), f_y^{\prime}(0,0)$ 都存在
$\text{B.}$ $f_x^{\prime}(0,0)$ 不存在, $f_y^{\prime}(0,0)$ 存在
$\text{C.}$ $f_x^{\prime}(0,0)$ 不存在, $f_y^{\prime}(0,0)$ 不存在
$\text{D.}$ $f_x^{\prime}(0,0), f_y^{\prime}(0,0)$ 都不存在
设函数 $f$ 连续,若 $F(u, v)=\iint_{D_{u v}} \frac{f\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}} \mathrm{~d} x \mathrm{~d} y$ ,其中 $D_{u v}: x^2+y^2=1, x^2+y^2=u^2, y=0, y=v x$ $(u>1, v>0)$ ,则 $\frac{\partial F}{\partial u}=$
$\text{A.}$ $v f\left(u^2\right)$
$\text{B.}$ $\frac{v}{u} f\left(u^2\right)$
$\text{C.}$ $v f(u)$
$\text{D.}$ $\frac{v}{u} f(u)$
设函数 $z=z(x, y)$ 由方程 $F\left(\frac{y}{x}, \frac{z}{x}\right)=0$ 确定, 其中 $F$ 为可微函数, 且 $F_2^{\prime} \neq 0$, 则 $x \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}+y \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=$
$\text{A.}$ ${x}$
$\text{B.}$ $z$
$\text{C.}$ $-x$
$\text{D.}$ $-z$
设函数 $z=z(x, y)$ 由方程 $F\left(\frac{y}{x}, \frac{z}{x}\right)=0$ 确定,其中 $\boldsymbol{F}$ 为可微函数,且 $F_2^{\prime} \neq 0$ ,则 $x \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}+y \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=$
$\text{A.}$ $x$
$\text{B.}$ $z$
$\text{C.}$ $-x$
$\text{D.}$ $-z$
设函数 $f(x, y)$ 为可微函数,且对任意的 $x, y$ 都有
$$
\frac{\partial(x, y)}{\partial x}>0, \frac{\partial(x, y)}{\partial y} < 0,
$$
则使不等式 $f\left(x_1, y_1\right)>f\left(x_2, y_2\right)$ 成立的一个充分条件是
$\text{A.}$ $x_1>x_2, y_1 < y_2$
$\text{B.}$ $x_1>x_2, y_1>y_2$
$\text{C.}$ $x_1 < x_2, y_1 < y_2$
$\text{D.}$ $x_1 < x_2, y_1>y_2$
设函数 $z=\frac{y}{x} f(x y)$ ,其中函数 $f$ 可微,则 $\frac{x}{y} \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=$
$\text{A.}$ $2 y f^{\prime}(x y)$
$\text{B.}$ $-2 y f^{\prime}(x y)$
$\text{C.}$ $\frac{2}{x} f(x y)$
$\text{D.}$ $-\frac{2}{x} f(x y)$
已知函数 $f(x, y)=\frac{e^x}{x-y}$ ,则
$\text{A.}$ $f_x{ }^{\prime}-f_y^{\prime}=0$
$\text{B.}$ $f_x{ }^{\prime}+f_y^{\prime}=0$
$\text{C.}$ $f_x^{\prime}-f_y^{\prime}=f$
$\text{D.}$ $f_x^{\prime}+f_y^{\prime}=f$
设 $f(x, y)$ 具有一阶偏导数,且在任意的 $(x, y)$ 都有 $\frac{\partial f(x, y)}{\partial x}>0, \frac{\partial f(x, y)}{\partial y} < 0$ ,则
$\text{A.}$ $f(0,0)>f(1,1)$
$\text{B.}$ $f(0,0) < f(1,1)$
$\text{C.}$ $f(0,1)>f(1,0)$
$\text{D.}$ $f(0,1) < f(1,0)$
关于函数 $f(x, y)=\left\{\begin{array}{l}x y, x y \neq 0 \\ x, y=0 \\ y, x=0\end{array}\right.$ 给出下列结论
(1) $\left.\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\right|_{(0,0)}=1$
(2) $\left.\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x \partial y}\right|_{(0,0)}=1$
(3) $\lim _{(x, y) \rightarrow(0,0)} f(x, y)=0$
(4) $\lim _{y \rightarrow 0} \lim _{x \rightarrow 0} f(x, y)=0$
其中正确的个数为
$\text{A.}$ 4
$\text{B.}$ 3
$\text{C.}$ 2
$\text{D.}$ 1
设函数 $f(x, y)$ 可微,
$$
f\left(x+1, \mathrm{e}^x\right)=x(x+1)^2, f\left(x, x^2\right)=2 x^2 \ln x
$$
则 $\mathrm{d} f(1,1)=(\quad)$
$\text{A.}$ $\mathrm{d} x+\mathrm{d} y$
$\text{B.}$ $\mathrm{d} x-\mathrm{d} y$
$\text{C.}$ $\mathrm{d} y$
$\text{D.}$ $-\mathrm{d} y$
已知 $z=x y f\left(\frac{y}{x}\right)$ ,且 $f(u)$ 可导,若 $x \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}+y \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=y^2(\ln y-\ln x)$ ,则()
$\text{A.}$ $f(1)=\frac{1}{2}, f^{\prime}(1)=\frac{1}{2}$
$\text{B.}$ $f(1)=0, f^{\prime}(1)=\frac{1}{2}$
$\text{C.}$ $f(1)=\frac{1}{2}, f^{\prime}(1)=1$
$\text{D.}$ $f(1)=0, f^{\prime}(1)=1$
设函数 $f(t)$ 连续,令$F(x, y)=\int_0^{x-y}(x-y-t) f(t) \mathrm{d} t$ 则
$\text{A.}$ $\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial x^2}=\frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{B.}$ $\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial x^2}=-\frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{C.}$ $\frac{\partial \boldsymbol{F}}{\partial x}=-\frac{\partial \boldsymbol{F}}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial^2 \boldsymbol{F}}{\partial x^2}=\frac{\partial^2 \boldsymbol{F}}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{D.}$ $\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}=-\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial x^2}=-\frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial y^2}$
设函数 $f(t)$ 连续,
$$
F(x, y)=\int_0^{x-y}(x-y-t) f(t) \mathrm{d} t
$$
则 $($ )
$\text{A.}$ $\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial x^2}=\frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{B.}$ $\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial x^2}=-\frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{C.}$ $\frac{\partial \boldsymbol{F}}{\partial x}=-\frac{\partial \boldsymbol{F}}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial^2 \boldsymbol{F}}{\partial x^2}=\frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial y^2}$
$\text{D.}$ $\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}=-\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial x^2}=-\frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial y^2}$
已知函数 $f(x, y)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\left(x^2+y^2\right) \sin \frac{1}{x y}, & x y \neq 0, \\ 0, & x y=0\end{array}\right.$ ,则在点 $(0,0)$ 处()
$\text{A.}$ $\frac{\partial f(x, y)}{\partial x}$ 连续, $f(x, y)$ 可微
$\text{B.}$ $\frac{\partial f(x, y)}{\partial x}$ 连续, $f(x, y)$ 不可微
$\text{C.}$ $\frac{\partial f(x, y)}{\partial x}$ 不连续, $f(x, y)$ 可微
$\text{D.}$ $\frac{\partial f(x, y)}{\partial x}$ 不连续, $f(x, y)$ 不可微
二、填空题 (共 25 题, 每小题 5 分,共 20 分, 请把答案直接填写在答题纸上)
设 $u=\mathrm{e}^{-x} \sin \frac{x}{y}$, 则 $\frac{\partial^{2} u}{\partial x \partial y}$ 在点 $\left(2, \frac{1}{\pi}\right)$ 处的值为
设 $z=\frac{1}{x} f(x y)+y \varphi(x+y)$ ,其中 $f, \varphi$ 具有二阶连续导数,则 $\frac{\partial^2 z}{\partial x \partial y}=$
设 $z=e^{-x}-f(x-2 y)$ ,且当 $y=0$ 时, $z=x^2$ ,则 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=$
设函数 $z=z(x, y)$ 由方程 $z=e^{2 x-3 z}+2 y$ 确定,则 $3 \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=$
设函数 $f(u, v)$ 由关系式 $f[x g(y), y]=x+g(y)$ 确定,其中函数 $g(y)$ 可微,且 $g(y) \neq 0$ ,则 $\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial u \partial v}=$
设 $f(u, v)$ 为二元可微函数, $z=f\left(x^y, y^x\right)$ ,则 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=$
设 $f(u, v)$ 是二元可微函数, $z=f\left(\frac{y}{x}, \frac{x}{y}\right)$ ,则
$$
x \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}-y \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=
$$
设 $f(u, v)$ 是二元可微函数, $z=f\left(\frac{y}{x}, \frac{x}{y}\right)$ ,则 $x \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}-y \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=$
设 $z=\left(\frac{y}{x}\right)^{\frac{x}{y}}$ ,则 $\left.\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}\right|_{(1,2)}=$
设函数 $f(u, v)$ 具有二阶连续偏导数, $z=f(x, x y)$ ,则 $\frac{\partial^2 z}{\partial x \partial y}=$
设 $z=\left(x+e^y\right)^x$ ,则 $\left.\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}\right|_{(1,0)}=$
设 $\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=\mathrm{e}^{-t}, \\ y=\int_0^t \ln \left(1+u^2\right) \mathrm{d} u\end{array}\right.$ ,求 $\left.\frac{\mathrm{d}^2 y}{\mathrm{~d} x^2}\right|_{t=0}=$
设函数 $F(x, y)=\int_0^{x y} \frac{\sin t}{1+t^2} \mathrm{~d} t$ ,则
$$
\left.\frac{\partial^2 F}{\partial x^2}\right|_{\substack{x=0 \\ y=2}}=
$$
设函数 $z=\left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)^{\frac{x}{y}}$ ,则 $\left.\mathrm{d} z\right|_{(1,1)}=$
设 $z=f\left(\ln x+\frac{1}{y}\right)$ ,其中函数 $f(u)$ 可微,则 $x \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}+y^2 \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=$
设连续函数 $z=f(x, y)$ 满足
$$
\lim _{\substack{x \rightarrow 0 \\ y \rightarrow 1}} \frac{f(x, y)-2 x+y-2}{\sqrt{x^2+(y-1)^2}}=0 ,
$$
则 $\left.\mathrm{d} z\right|_{(0,1)}=$