设有齐次线性方程组
$$
\left\{\begin{array}{c}
(1+a) x_1+x_2+x_3+x_4=0, \\
2 x_1+(2+a) x_2+2 x_3+2 x_4=0, \\
3 x_1+3 x_2+(3+a) x_3+3 x_4=0, \\
4 x_1+4 x_2+4 x_3+(4+a) x_4=0,
\end{array}\right.
$$
试问 $a$ 取何值时,该方程组有非零解,并求出其通解.
$\text{A.}$
$\text{B.}$
$\text{C.}$
$\text{D.}$